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A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes

Eco-innovation, eco-efficiency and corporate social responsibility (CSR) characterise much of the current sustainability agenda in the industry. These approaches are important, but are not enough to bring about the comprehensive changes required for long-term sustainability. To ensure sustainability, changes are needed in the objectives and implementation of innovation processes.

Sustainable business models (SBM) integrate a triple bottom line approach that takes into account the interests of the environment and society as well as a broad range of stakeholders. These business models are crucial for the promotion and implementation of corporate innovation in the area of sustainability. They can help to embed sustainability firmly into the company's purpose and processes and offer a competitive advantage.

The literature and practice analysis has identified a variety of mechanisms and solutions that can contribute to the innovation of business models for sustainability. These were summarised into sustainable business model archetypes in order to develop a common language that can accelerate the development of sustainable business models in research and practice. The archetypes include: Maximising material and energy efficiency, creating value from waste, substituting with renewable and natural processes, providing functionality rather than ownership, assuming a duty of responsibility, promoting frugality, refocusing the business on social and environmental goals, and developing scaling solutions.


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The Circular Economy Forum Austria is Austria's largest independent multi-stakeholder platform for the promotion of the circular economy. The forum supports companies and their environment on the path to the circular economy and connects key players to create innovative value creation cycles. The creation of value creation cycles that address social and environmental challenges requires a systemic approach.
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