This study analyses circular economy governance in 16 countries and compares the effectiveness of different governance models based on insights from transition management literature and public administration. Two forms of governance are crucial for the transition to CE: public and network governance. Effective implementation requires a legal framework and active stakeholder involvement.
The study includes interviews with representatives from the 16 countries and analyses of national circular economy (CE) policies, recycling rates and market conditions for second-hand and repair products. The results show that countries with strong government leadership and a high level of acceptance for network governance make faster progress in implementing CE. Co-operation between government and industry is particularly beneficial.
The paper presents two models: one to assess the effectiveness of CE governance and one that presents four main pathways to CE development in different socio-cultural and political contexts. The study emphasises the importance of a structured, targeted approach and the need for further research to better understand the governance of CE in different countries.
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